ConcreteP7F

Team Members: Jenna Seco, Jesse Mautner, Lucas Puleo, and Taylor Cudequest

Introduction

Due to the recent disaster in Haiti on January 12, 2010, concrete is becoming more and more necessary for the people living there. The concrete is needed so houses, buildings, and sidewalks can be utilized again. The concrete that is made by Elite Concrete is top of the line, sturdy concrete. Our concrete is going to makeup for the concrete that the Haitians had before the disaster struck. We are going to try to rebuild Haiti and get the lives of the people back to normal by taking everything one step at a time, starting with using our concrete. Elite concrete uses an easy to make and low cost recipe, which will make it better for the Haitians since we will be able to make more easily. The main goal of our company is to make a cheap, sturdy concrete that will be beneficial towards Haiti.

Recipe Ideas w/ source s:


 * Recipe #1 - Basic Concrete without Aggregate[[file:concrete.doc]][[image:cost_analysis-1.png]]**

2 1/2 quarts Portland cement, white or grey 5 quarts sand, white or grey 1 3/4 - 2 quarts water

__**The Making of Concrete:**__ To make concrete, you must first take all of the dry ingredients you are using and put them into a large container. You must then mix all of the dry ingredients until they are spread equally throughout. Then, add water as you stir until the concrete is workable. You should be stirring approximately 2-3 minutes, but ultimately should stop when the mixture resembles concrete. The stirring of the water ultimately starts the hydration process, which is what causes the concrete to harden. Hydration is what makes it harden, because unlike hydrolysis, hydration leaves the non-water components (dry ingredients) together. The water should be added slowly, so not too much is added, because the concrete will then be watered down. Then, once the mixture resembles that of a pancake batter, put it where the concrete is needed, and allow it to dry as desired.

__**Why This Process?:**__ This process is the best to use, because it is extremely cost efficient, and apart from the materials bought that were in the process, little money is spent. Most of it is manual labor in stirring the mixture, along with adding water, which is free.

__**Why These Ingredients?:**__ We choose to use portland cement, because it the most cost efficient and abundant type of cement, which makes this process much easier.

11% Portland cement + 26% sand + 16% water + 41% crushed gravel + 6% air → concrete

Concrete mixture + time to dry and harden (hydration process) → concrete

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More recipes: Concrete in its simplest form is created from aggregates, sand and water. The aggregates are used to form the paste, the sand is used for texture and the water holds it all together. In ancient times, hay or straw was used for the aggregate. Modern concrete is more complex.

Concrete today is composed of a variety of dry materials such as cement, fly ash and sand. These are then mixed with water to form a hardened paste mixture which is used to form a variety of shapes and forms.

Cement, which is the main component of modern concrete, is made up of materials such as limestone, clay, gypsum, chemical additives and gravel. The sand used in concrete is course sand made from ground glass.

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Brand Name and Logo: taylor : The Left over ingredients

We have gathered all of our information and come to the conclusion that our first set of ingredients was the cheapest. For the Portland cement we have 15 pounds left over and only wasted $2.71. In the crushed gravel we have no money wasted and no pounds left over. For the sand we have 30 pounds left over and wasted a total of $2.70. For water and air we have nothing left over so we wasted no money.



Calculations and Percentage

In the earthquake in Haiti, many buildings and homes were destroyed. To help rebuild buildings and homes, my group will be suggesting a new recipe for creating concrete in an easy and cheap way. We have to produce a total of a ton of concrete for Haiti. In our ton, we will use 220 lbs. of Portland cement, 820 lbs. of crushed gravel, 520 lbs. of sand, 320 lbs. of water, and 120 lbs. of air pressure. Below in the chart, it states the pricing, the amount, the amount left over, and the price of each product.

ingredient || Unit || Unit price ($) || Qnt. ||  Cost ($)  || Amount used || Amount left over || Money wasted ($) || Portland cement || 47 lbs || $8.49 ||   5  ||   $42.45  ||   220 lbs  || 15 Ibs || $2.72 ||  Crushed Gravel  || 20 Ibs || $7.00 ||   41  ||   $287.00  ||   820 lbs  || 0 Ibs || $0.00 ||  Sand  || 50 Ibs || $4.49 ||   11  ||   $49.39  ||   520 lbs  || 30 Ibs || $2.70 ||  Water  || - ||   $0.00  ||   -  ||   $0.00  ||   320 lbs  || - ||   $0.00  ||  Air  || - ||   $0.00  ||   -  ||   $0.00  ||   120 lbs  || - ||   $0.00  ||

In the end I will spend getting all of the ingredients to make the finished product of cement, it will cost a total of $ 378.84. This recipe is a pretty expensive recipe. Some of the ingredients can be found easily, but other are hard to find and expensive. This recipe is also good because it wastes very little of the ingredients and money. Examples

220 lbs / 47 lbs = 4.68

4.68 x $8.49 = $39.73

$42.45 - $39.73 = $2.72 wasted

Using this formula I was able to find the total cost of what was left over of the Portland cement. Which is two dollars and sevnty-two cents. If I use the same formula and plug in the information for sand I will get twenty-nine dollars and sixty-three cents. In all of the other recipes, I did the same thing but found that this was the best one. You take the amount used and divide it by the unit. Then you take that answer and multiply it by the unit price. You take the answer from that and subtract it from the final cost. The answer you get is our amount of money wasted. All in all our concrete formula is very cheap and has very few leftovers.

Ingredient || Unit || Unit Price ($) || Qnt. || Cost ($) || Amount Used || Amount left over || Money Wasted ($) || Portland cement || 94 Ibs || $11.39 || 3 ||  $34.17 ||  220 Ibs || 62 Ibs || $7.52 || Crushed Gravel || 15 Ibs || $5.00 || 55 ||  $275.00 ||  820 Ibs || 5 Ibs || $1.65 || Sand || 25 Ibs || $14.00 || 21 ||  $294.00 ||  520 Ibs || 5 Ibs || $2.80 ||

Ingredient || Unit || Unit Price ($) || Qnt. || Cost ($) || Amount Used || Amount left over || Money Wasted ($) || Portland cement || 47 Ibs || $8.94 || 5 ||  $44.70 ||  220 Ibs || 15 Ibs || $2.86 || Crushed Gravel || 40 Ibs || $13.00 || 21 ||  $273.00 ||  820 Ibs || 20 Ibs || $6.50 || Sand || 50 Ibs || $7.39 || 11 ||  $81.29 ||  520 Ibs || 30 Ibs || $4.43 ||

For the percentage of each material, I added up the entire amount used for each of the materials and found the total amount used was 2,000 lbs. Then I took the amount used per material and found the percentage. For Portland cement, the percentage was 11%. For the crushed gravel, the percentage was 41%. For the sand, the percentage was 26%. For the water, the percentage was 16%. For the air, the percentage was 6%.

Total amount used (2,000) / Total amount used per material = percentage of material used Conclusion:

Our company has taken many weeks to work on our project for making the concrete, and we all agreed on the best way to make our product. We all equally contributed to this and figured out the calculations, steps, costs and other important factors for our company to succeed in helping out Haiti. We all helped each other out with the individual components to make sure every piece of information and every calculation was correct. We found a successful that did not waste much money, and we were able to create an excellent concrete to use. The calculations made it easier to pick a more reliable concrete and a more cost-efficient price. Overall, we think our concrete is the best one to use and our company is going to help Haiti out to rebuild their country.

Sources Recipe: http://www.gardenmolds.com/pages/resources/concrete.html#recipes

How to: http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4886007_how-concrete-made.html

Ingredients: http://www.acehardware.com/search/jsp?kw= http://www.thegreathardwarestore.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductCode=651473&click=2744 http://www.acehardwareoutlet.com/(hncgydueoky2zfq2cl0p0i55)/productdetails.aspx?sku=5359757&source=GoogleBase

http://www.google.com/products/catalog?q=crushed+gravel&hl=en&safe=on&cid=8034313220586985426&sa=title#p http://www.google.com/products/catalog?q=crushed+gravel&hl=en&safe=on&cid=2842914124401479642&sa=title#p http://www.google.com/products/catalog?q=crushed+gravel&hl=en&safe=on&cid=13280197762846082427&sa=title#p

http://www.acehardware.com/product/index.jsp?productId=2041963&CAWELAID=109369780 http://www.google.com/products/catalog?q=sand&hl=en&safe=on&cid=11058818774934952885&sa=title#p http://www.thegreathardwarestore.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductCode=676031&click=2744