ConcreteP1A

Recipe Ideas w/ sources:

Brand Name Ideas: QuikCrete!

Logo Ideas:

Slogan: We are CONCRETE about our cement

Information: http://www.cement.org/basics/images/flashtour.html <-- WATCH THIS in order to understand cement

**Dry Ingredients:

-One bag type 10 portland cement -Three buckets fine, clean washed sand -One and 1/4 buckets un-densified silica fume -1/4 bucket Fly Ash -Small handful of glass fibers (like a pinch of salt - not precise, but a small amount)

Wet ingredients:

-800ml of poly-plex or liquid latex (Liquid acrylic can be substituted where liquid latex is not available) -300ml liquid water reducer -Water** http://www.ehow.com/how_2182189_mix-cement-making-artificial-rock.html

//Cement is a fine, soft, powdery-type substance. It is made from a mixture of elements that are found in natural materials such as limestone, clay, sand and/or shale. When cement is mixed with water, it can bind sand and gravel into a hard, solid mass called concrete.
 * //What is cement and how is it made?//

Cement can be purchased from most building supply stores in bags//

//Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water and placement due to a// [|//chemical process//] //known as// [|//hydration//]//. The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a stone-like material//

//Cement is usually gray. White cement can also be found but it is usually more expensive than gray cement.

Cement mixed with water, sand and gravel, forms concrete.

Cement mixed with water and sand, forms cement plaster.

Cement mixed with water, lime and sand, forms mortar.

Cement powder is very, very fine. One kilo (2.2 lbs) contains over 300 billion grains, although we haven't actually counted them to see if that is completely accurate! The powder is so fine it will pass through a sieve capable of holding water.// //http://www.buildeazy.com/newplans/eazylist/cement.html//

**Concrete • A mixture of paste and aggregates o The paste • Composed of Portland cement and water • It coats the surface of the fine and coarse aggregates • Through hydration, the paste hardens and gains strength to form the rock-like mass known as concrete  The key to a remarkable trait of concrete: it’s plastic and malleable when newly mixed, strong and durable when hardened.

The key to getting a strong, durable concrete relies on the careful proportioning and mixing of the ingredients • A concrete mixture that does not have enough paste to fill all the voids between the aggregates will be difficult top lace and will produce rough, honeycombed surfaces and porous concrete. • A mixture with an excess of cement will be easy to place and will create a smooth surface, but the resulting concrete is likely to shrink more and be uneconomical • A properly designed concrete mixture will possess the desired workability for the fresh concrete and the required durability and strength for the hardened concrete o 10 – 15% cement o 60 – 75 % aggregate o 15 – 20 percent water o Entrained air in many concrete mixes may also take up another 5 – 8%


 * http://www.cement.org/basics/concretebasics_concretebasics.asp

Cheap aggregates - http://uk.shopping.com/-cheap+]

//[|Chemical] admixtures// are materials in the form of powder or fluids that are added to the concrete to give it certain characteristics not obtainable with plain concrete mixes. In normal use, admixture dosages are less than 5% by mass of cement, and are added to the concrete at the time of batching/mixing

**
 * [|Accelerators] speed up the hydration (hardening) of the concrete. Typical materials used are [|CaCl2] and [|NaCl].However use of Chlorides may cause corrosion in steel reinforcing and is prohibited in some countries.
 * [|Retarders] slow the hydration of concrete, and are used in large or difficult pours where partial setting before the pour is complete is undesirable. Typical polyol retarder is sugar,sucrose,sodium gluconate,glucose,citric acid,tartaric acid and etc.
 * [|Air entrainments] add and entrain tiny air bubbles in the concrete, which will reduce damage during [|freeze-thaw] cycles thereby increasing the concrete's durability. However, entrained air is a trade-off with strength, as each 1% of air may result in 5% decrease in compressive strength.
 * [|Plasticizers]/superplasticizers (water-reducing admixtures) increase the workability of plastic or "fresh" concrete, allowing it be placed more easily, with less consolidating effort.Typical plasticizers are liginsulfate,polyol type. Alternatively, plasticizers can be used to reduce the water content of a concrete (and have been called //water reducers// due to this application) while maintaining workability. This improves its strength and durability characteristics.Superplasticizers (high-range water-reducing admixtures) are a class of plasticizers which have fewer deleterious effects when used to significantly increase workability, representive superplasticizers are sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate,sulfonated melamine formaldehy condensate and acetone formaldehyde condensate, etc.,more advanced superplasticizer is polycarboxylate type.
 * [|Pigments] can be used to change the color of concrete, for aesthetics.
 * [|Corrosion inhibitors] are used to minimize the corrosion of steel and steel bars in concrete.
 * Bonding agents are used to create a bond between old and new concrete.
 * Pumping aids improve pumpability, thicken the paste, and reduce separation and bleeding.

WHAT DETERMINES THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE?


 * Hardening is due largely to the formation of calcium silicate hydrate as the cement hydrates.
 * The rate at which concrete sets is independent of the rate at which it hardens. Rapid-hardening cement may have similar setting times to Ordinary Portland Cement.
 *  There are many factors that can affect the strength of concrete. Some of the more important follow: Concrete Porosity, water/cement ratio, soundness of aggregate, aggregate-paste bond, cement-related parameters.

http://matse1.mse.uiuc.edu/concrete/prin.html
 * ~ Cement Compound ||~ Weight Percentage ||~ Chemical Formula ||
 * ~ Tricalcium silicate ||~ 50 % ||~ Ca3SiO5 or 3CaO.SiO2 ||
 * ~ Dicalcium silicate ||~ 25 % ||~ Ca2SiO4 or 2CaO.SiO2 ||
 * ~ Tricalcium aluminate ||~ 10 % ||~ Ca3Al2O6 or 3CaO .Al2O3 ||
 * ~ Tetracalcium aluminoferrite ||~ 10 % ||~ Ca4Al2Fe2O10 or 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3 ||
 * ~ Gypsum ||~ 5 % ||~ CaSO4.2H2O ||

814.81 lbs stone and gravel aggregate 740.74 lbs sand 296.3 lbs cement 148.15 lbs water